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    Qianxin· Material selection; 

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    • NR (Natural Rubber)

      Characteristic Description
      Natural rubber is made from latex collected from rubber trees, and the chemical name of its copolymer is polyisoprene. Natural rubber has many excellent physical properties, including high elasticity and tension, as well as good friction resistance. Just like SBR, its drawback is that it has low resistance to hydrocarbon oils and is not suitable for UV, oxygen, and ozone. This is caused by the double bonds in the polymer backbone, which makes it prone to aging in air, becoming sticky when heated, expanding and dissolving easily in mineral oil or gasoline, and resistant to alkali but not strong acid. Additives can improve its low degree of weather resistance.
      Usage temperature
      The standard operating temperature for NR ranges from -50 ℃ to 70 ℃, and can briefly reach 100 ℃.  
      Hardness
      Measured with a Shore A hardness tester, between 40 and 90 degrees.
       
      Application
      NR is suitable for making shock-absorbing and wear-resistant parts, and is a raw material for making tapes, hoses, and rubber shoes.
    • Polyurethane (AU, EU) 

      Polyurethane rubber that can be mixed and processed can be divided into two categories: one is polyester polyurethane (AU), and the other is ether polyurethane (EU). The AU type has excellent resistance to lubricating oil, fuel oil, and solvents, but may be susceptible to hydrolysis. EU type polyester is not easily corroded by hydrolysis and can still provide a low ACN (18-22% ACN)? Rubber or HNBRs have similar properties to flame resistant fuel oils and lubricating oils. Compared with other elastomers, any type of polyurethane has good wear resistance, high tensile strength, and high elasticity.
      We also offer any type of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
      Usage temperature
      The standard operating temperature for PU is -40 ℃ to 80 ℃, with temperatures exceeding 100 ℃ At this time, its service life will be shortened.
      Hardness
      Measured with a Shore A hardness tester, between 60 and 93 degrees.
      Color
      Available in black, transparent, green, or orange. However, according to customer requirements, other colors can also be produced.
      Application
      Polyurethane is commonly used in the mechanical industry, especially for materials that require high wear resistance and high tension.
      Some rubber sealing surfaces in certain environments may condense moisture, causing hydrolysis of AU. In such cases, EU is a better choice. However, the oil resistance of EU is poor, so lubricants must use oils with higher aniline points.
    • CR (Neoprene Rubber) 

      Characteristic Description
      Chlorobutadiene rubber is one of the elastomers first successfully synthesized by Dupont in 1931. Made from copolymerized latex of chloroprene. CR is a multifunctional elastomer with overall balanced physical properties. Has excellent resistance to sunlight, ozone, and weather, as well as excellent resistance to oil and many chemicals. Chlorobutadiene rubber also exhibits excellent physical toughness and good flame resistance properties. The vulcanized rubber has good elasticity and wear resistance, is resistant to direct sunlight exposure, intense distortion, refrigerants such as dichlorodifluoromethane and ammonia, and is resistant to dilute acids and silicone grease lubricating oils. However, it is not resistant to phosphate ester hydraulic oils and is prone to crystallization and hardening at low temperatures.
      Usage temperature
      The usage temperature varies depending on the grade, and the standard usage temperature for chloroprene ranges from -40 ℃ to 150 ℃ depending on the grade. Generally speaking, when the temperature exceeds 100 ℃, its service life will be shortened.
      Hardness
      The hardness ranges from 30 to 90 degrees (Shore A).
      Color
      Currently available in black, white, brown (earth bead), yellow, and blue. However, according to customer requirements, other colors can also be produced.
      Application
      Chlorobutadiene rubber is commonly used in R12 resistant refrigerant seals, rubber parts or seals on household appliances. It is suitable for making various parts that come into direct contact with the atmosphere, sunlight, ozone, as well as rubber products that are resistant to combustion, distortion, and chemical corrosion.
    • Fluorosilicone (Fluorinated Silicone Rubber/FLS/FVMQ/Fluorosilicone/Silicone Fluororubber);

      Characteristic Description
      Fluorosilicone rubber, like silicone gel, combines trifluoromethyl, methyl, and ethylene as side chains to fluorinate silicone rubber. Its mechanical and physical properties are similar to silicone. However, FVMQ has better resistance to fuel oil and mineral oil than silicone.
      Usage temperature
      The standard operating temperature for FVQM is between -60 ℃ and 177 ℃. In dry and hot conditions, the usable temperature can reach 232 ℃.
      Hardness
      Between 45 and 80 degrees (Shore A).
      Color
      Currently available in yellow and blue. According to customer requirements, other colors can also be produced.
      Application
      FVMQ provides excellent low-temperature elasticity, as well as good resistance to fuel oil and aromatic mineral oil properties. Usually used in environments where jets come into contact with automotive fuel, most solvents, or engine oil, especially in the aerospace industry.
      Not recommended for use in brake oil, ketones, and brake fluid solutions.
    • Silicone (VMQ/Silicone/Silicone);

      Characteristic Description
      Physically, silicone is a material based on quartz silicon. To produce synthetic elastomers of this grade, large dangling organic groups such as methyl, phenyl, and vinyl must adhere to silicon atoms. Add different sidechains to achieve different important attributes. Silicone has excellent heat and ozone resistance properties, as well as good electrolyte stability. In addition, it also has the characteristics of lubricating oil resistance, chemical resistance, and solvent resistance. Among all elastomers, silicone has the best elasticity at low temperatures. However, silicone also has some drawbacks, such as low tensile strength, poor tear and wear resistance.
      Usage temperature
      The usage temperature of silicone gel ranges from -60 ℃ to 225 ℃. Some special types can reach high temperatures of 300 ℃ and low temperatures of -100 ℃.
      Hardness
      The hardness ranges from 25 to 90 degrees (Shore A)..
      Color
      Currently available in black, brown, green, white, ochre, yellow, blue, orange, transparent, and gray. But according to customer requirements, other colors can also be produced.
      Application
      Silicone performs well in extreme environments and temperatures, and is commonly used in industries such as automotive, aviation, household appliances, electronics, medical, and kitchenware. Silicone also has excellent electrical insulation properties. Due to its composition, it can meet relevant requirements such as Rohs, FDA, NSF, REACH, PAHS, and PFOS.
    • HNBR (Hydrogenate Nitrile Rubber)

      Characteristic Description
      Hydrogenated nitrile rubber is a type of nitrile rubber that saturates the carbon hydrogen chains through hydrogenation reaction. This special hydrogenation process reduces many double bonds on the main chain of NBR polymers, therefore, hydrogenated nitrile rubber has higher heat resistance, ozone resistance, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties than nitrile rubber.
      Usage temperature
      The operating temperature of HNBR ranges from -40 ℃ to 150 ℃, and can reach up to 160 ℃ with certain special formulations.
      Hardness
      Between 55 and 90 degrees (Shore A).
      Color
      Currently available in black, green, blue, brown, ochre (soil beads), and gray. However, according to customer requirements, other colors can also be produced.
      Application
      HNBR is widely used in the automotive and refining industries. For environmental protection needs, refrigerants (R134a) that are harmless to the ozone layer will replace HCFCs (R12). In old air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, CR and FKM are materials widely used in HCFCs (or CFCs) refrigeration systems and mineral oils. However, CR and FKM cannot meet the updated cooling system HFC134a (R134a) and PAG lubricant, as CR degrades PAG lubricant and FKM expands significantly within R134a. At this time, HNBR is the available rubber.
      Not recommended for use in alcohol, ester, or aromatic solutions.
    • EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Rubber) 

      Characteristic Description
      EPDM is a terpolymer composed of ethylene and propylene, along with trace amounts of a third monomer (usually a diene). Generally, EPDM has excellent properties such as heat resistance, aging resistance, ozone resistance, sunlight resistance, and weather resistance. It has good elasticity at low temperatures and chemical resistance. For example, it has good resistance to many dilute acids, bases, and polar solvents such as alcohols, ketones, ethylene glycol, and phosphate ester hydraulic oils. In addition, it has good electrical insulation.
      Usage temperature
      The standard operating temperature for EPDM ranges from -55 ℃ to 150 ℃ (used as a peroxide bridging system).
      Hardness
      Between 40 and 90 degrees (Shore A).
      Color
      Currently available in black, brown, green, white, ochre (earth bead), yellow, blue, red, orange, purple, and gray. According to customer requirements, other colors can also be produced.
      Application
      EPDM is a good choice for sealing components in hydraulic fluids based on phosphate ester and brake fluid systems based on ethylene glycol. Rubber parts that come into contact with household water must pass tests for resistance to chloramine and chlorine. EPDM with higher saturation and higher ethylene content have better corrosion resistance to chloramine and chlorine. Usually used for hot water or steam with a temperature of up to 150 ℃.
      Polypropylene rubber is not suitable for petroleum liquids (fuel oil, mineral oil, grease).
    • FKM (Fluoro Carbon Rubber/FPM/Fluororubber); 

      Feature Description
      Fluoroelastomer (FKM) is a well-known high-performance rubber, especially featuring excellent resistance to high temperature, ozone, weather, oxidation, mineral oil, fuel oil, hydraulic oil, aromatics, and many organic solvents and chemicals. Currently, products made from Viton® base rubbers are available, such as the general type (Type A, with 66% fluorine content), the medium fluorine content type (Type B, GBL-TYPE, with 67 - 68.5% fluorine content), the high fluorine content type (Type F, GF-TYPE, with 70% fluorine content), the type with improved low-temperature elasticity (GLT-, GFLT), and Viton® ETP Extreme with excellent additional resistance to chemicals and solvents. Products with excellent resistance to strong acids and alkalis made from AFLAS® are also available.
      Service Temperature
      For the general type, the standard service temperature in the static state is preferably limited to approximately -26℃ (-15℉) to 232℃ (450℉). Although it can still be used for a short time at a temperature of 275℃, its service life will be shortened when the temperature exceeds 232℃. When applied in the dynamic state, the most suitable temperature range is between -15℃ and 200℃. For the GLT-type, the low temperature can reach -40℃.
      Hardness
      Between 50 and 90 Shore A.
      Color
      Currently available in black, brown, green, white, ochre (terracotta), yellow, and blue. Other colors can also be produced according to customer requirements.
      Applications
      Due to FKM's excellent properties of high temperature resistance, oil resistance, solvent resistance, flame resistance, chemical resistance, and weather resistance, it is usually used in the automotive industry, chemical processing, aerospace, and many other industries. Viton GLT has a wider service temperature range, from -45℃ to +275℃, and has excellent resistance to highly aggressive HTS-type oils, so it is a good choice for use in the aerospace industry. Viton ETP is usually applied in the field of the chemical industry. In the case where methanol is added to some fuel oils, Viton F- and B-types will be more useful than the A-type, especially the F-type. For some lubricants with a small amount of organic amino compounds or ammonia compounds, choosing the peroxide bridging system will be more useful than the bisphenol bridging system.
      It is not recommended for use with ketones, low-molecular-weight esters, and nitro-containing mixtures!
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